纸张保护：东亚纸张保护方法和纸张制造传统2008-2012

中国华夏文化遗产基金会理事长耿瑩女士(Madame GENG Ying，

　　President of the China Cultural Heritage Foundation)

　　由联合国教科文组织出版的画册封面

　　中国华夏文化遗产基金会(以下简称基金会)自2007年成立以来，始终以发现、研究、保护、弘扬中国物质文化遗产和非物质文化遗产为使命，秉承“取之于民，用之于民，造福人类”之原则．致力于提高全社会保护文化遗产的意识，以及资助中国文化遗产保护事业。

　　基于使命和原则．基金会为联合国教科文组织《纸张保护东亚纸张保护方法和纸张制造传统2008-2012》项目慷慨捐赠250万人民币。

　　联合国教科文组织是联合国系统中唯一在文化领域负有使命的机构，致力于促进和保护创造性和文化多样性。联合国教科文组织表明发展具有人文特征，与特定地区和社会息息相关．在经济和社会发展日新月异的背景下，联合国教科文组织不仅致力于保护丰富多样的人类历史和文化，而且还用其作为创新和发展的重要源泉。

　　在此框架之下．联合国教科文组织制定了实施文化项目的双重目标；一是保护和管理有形和无形遗产；二是促进文化表现形式的多样性和文化间的对话以促进和平处。纸张保护项目为保护人类遗产中重要组成部分的纸张提供了难得的机会．并且加强了区域和国际间的合作交流和对话。

　　项目

　　纸张制作和保护技术是东亚共同文化遗产的重要部分。大约从公元2世纪起，纸张成为首要载体来记录信息、传播知识和思想。纸张起源于东亚，并流传至世界各国。但是随着时间流逝，技术进步．东亚传统纸张制作和保护技术面临着巨大挑战。

　　为迎接这一挑战，中国华夏文化遗产基金会大力支持联合国教科文组织纸张保护项目，即东亚纸张保护方法和纸张制造传统2008-2012项目，旨在保护纸张制造传统和纸张保护方法。此项目为东亚各国专家和相关研究单位提供了技术交流、文化交流，合作以解决纸张保护问题的平台。更重要的是，此项目不仅关注东亚纸张制作及保护的技术及知识还关注有形纸张文物的保护，例如书籍及手抄本。

　　项目的四个重要目标是

　　1．保护东亚传统造纸及纸张保护技巧

　　2．探索和解决东亚纸张保护中面临的问题

　　3．建立科学体系．提高传统纸张保护和修复技术

　　4．编写培训教材和制定纸张保护指南

　　项目在获中国华夏文化遗产基金会慷慨捐赠后开始启动。主要以资助中国、朝鲜、蒙古政府、机构和专家参加各种与项目相关的研究保护活动，而联合国教科组织文则负责项目协调工作。

　　日本和韩国的相关机构和团体提供专业技术支持。同时他们运用自己的资金参与项目活动。此项目于2008年9月26目正式启动，历时5年，于2012年结束。

　　顺序：从支票之后从右至左。耿瑩女士(中国华夏文化遗产基金会理事长)将第一年的支票交给络朗.莱维斯-史特劳

　　斯先生（联合国教科组织文组织总部博物馆和文物部主管）和辛格先生（联合国教科组织文组织驻华代表处代表）

　　项目活动

　　项目包括四项主要活动：调查研究、培训/能力建没、会议／技术交流、出版物／公众意识提升。

　　为了给项目建设一个理论和实践的基础，东亚各国首先对本国传统纸张制作的材料、技术以及保护技能开展研究和评估。根据调查研究成果，开展适合不同国家的相关培训和能力建设。通过国家和地区的技术会议，进行学术交流和建立东亚工作人员和专家联络网，以及鉴定和鼓励各国纸张保护中心的建设。此项目还会涉及与东亚以外的纸张保护专家、机构和博物馆的交流。相关的出版物，例如调查研究成果．教学材料和《纸张保护指南》将在项目中制定。

　　除了纸张制作和保护技术以外，朝鲜和蒙古还从事书籍和手抄本保护技术的研究。

　　来自日本和韩国的相关机构和民营部门将提供技术方面的专家及参与项目。

　　中国在纸张制作的发展上扮演着重要的角色。历史资料证明，中国早在公元二世纪就开始造纸，造纸技术逐渐在中国各地传播发展并逐步扩展到朝鲜半岛和日本。

　　目前在中国有一部分技术机构、图书馆、档案馆和博物馆负责传统纸张的保护工作。尽管如此，中国纸质文物和传统纸张的制作与保护技术依旧面临着巨大的挑战。比如．缺乏技术方面的专家、适合的设备、必要的政府支持，还有一些阻碍有效保护纸质文物的因素。最近，中国政府和有关学术机构正努力克服这些障碍加强中国纸质文物的保护工作。可以说，中国在此次联合国教科文项目中的参与意义重大。

　　依据项目总体框架的要求中国的活动分为四类：调查研究、培训／能力建设、会议／技术交流出版物／公众意识提升。调查研究围绕一些具体的课题展开，包括中国少数民族的传统手工造纸技术。并将根据调查研究的结果，设计并实施相关的培训项目。在项目实施的五年期问．中国将开展一系列成果和学术交流，并出版一系列《纸张保护指南》。

　　耿瑩理事长在会议现场

　　CHINA CULTURAL HERITAGE FOUNDATION

　　Since its establishment in 2007,the China Cultural Heritage Foundation’s mission has been to identify,research，conserve and promote China’s tangible and intangible cultural heritage. Based upon its principle＂from the people，by the people，for the people＂，the Foundation has been making great strides towards raising public awareness and funding to support China’s cultural heritage

　　Reflecting its dedication to this mission and principle，the China Cultural Heritage Foundation has generously donated US$360，000 to the UNESCO project entitled＂Paper Conservation：Methodology of Paper Conservation and Paper Making Traditions in East Asia 2008—2012＂.

　　UNESCO

　　As the only UN agency specifically mandated to promote creativity and safeguard the world’s diverse cultural heritage, UNESCO plays a unique role in demonstrating that development has a human face，which is specific to each region and community of the world. In a time of unprecedented economic and social Change，UNESCO strives to ensure that the diverse histories and cultures ofthe people of the world are not only preserved，but also drawn upon as a source of

　　innovation and development

　　Within this framework，UNESC0’s objectives for the implementation of the culture programme are twofold：protecting，safeguarding and managing tangible and intangible heritage；and promotingthe diversity of cultural expressions and the dialogue of cultures，with a view to fostering a culture of peace.

　　Accordingly，this paper conservation project provides an excellent opportunity to support the preservation of an important part of our heritage，while also strengthening regional and intermational cooperation，networking and dialogue.

　　THE PROJECT

　　Paper making and paper conservation techniques represent an important part of East Asia’s common cultural heritage. Since as early as the second centu ry AD，paper was a popular medium across EastAsia for recording and transmitting knowledge and ideas，and paper making techniques invented in East Asia eventually spread to the rest of the world .However,with the passage of time and rapid development of modern technology,knowledge of traditional paper making and paper conservation techniques in East Asia has declined substantially．

　　To address this issue，the China Cultural Heritage Foundation is supporting a UNESCO project That is dedicated to the preservation of traditional paper making and paper conservation techniques in East Asia. The project，entitled＂Paper Conservation：Methodology of Paper Conservation and Paper Making Traditions in East Asia 2008-2012＂,is fostering technical exchange and inter-cultural dialogue drawing together institutions and experts from the countries of East Asia to cooperate and develop solutions to paper conservation. Importantly,this innovative project is not only concentrating on revitalising the intangible skills and knowledge associated with paper making and paper conservation in East Asia，but also the effective preservation oftangible paper artefacts，such as books and manuscripts .

　　The project has four key objectives：

　　1 .Preserve traditional paper making and paper conservatio techniques in East Asia

　　2 .Explore and suggest solutions to problems encountered in paper conservation across East Asia

　　3 .Establish a scientific system that will maximize capacity to ceriserve,and restore paper making and paper conservation techniques

　　4 .Develop training materials and a ser of Paper Conservation Guidelines

　　The project has been enabled through a generous donation from the China Cultural Heritage Foundation. The donation specifically funds authorities．institutions and experts from China，the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and Mongolia to engage in the various research and conservation activities associated with the project. UNESCO is responsible for project coordination. Relevant institutions and the private sector from Japan and the Republic of Korea are providing technical expertise. They are also using their own，separate funding framework to participate in project activities

　　The project was officially launched on 26 September 2008 and is being implemented over five years until 2012

　　Standing behind cheque from from right to left:Madame Geng Ying(President of the China Cultural Heritage Foundation)handed over the cheque symbolising the first year’s donation to Mr.Laurent Levis-Strauss(Chief of Section of Museums And Cultural Objects of UNESCO Headquarters)and Mr.Abhimanyu Singh(Director and representative ofUNESCO Office Beijing)

　　China has played an important role in the development of paper making，with some records suggesting that it began to make paper as early as the second century AD. Some of the paper making techniques developed in China gradually spread to the Korean Peninsular and Japan.

　　Today, a number of technical institutions，libraries，archives and museums are entrusted with paper conservation Despite these efforts，preserving Chinese paper artefacts，as well as traditional paper making and paper conservation techniques，remains a significant challenge A shortage of technical expertise，suitable facilities and necessary government supporc are just some of the obstacles preventing the effective protection of paper heritage in China. Recently,the Chineseauthorities and academic institutions lnitiated major efforts to overcome these obstacles and safeguard China’s paper heritage .To this end，China’s participation in this UNESCO project represents a considerable step forward.

　　In accordance with the overell framework of the project，the activities in China are categorised into four main areas：Research，Training／Capacity Building，Meetings／Technical Exchanges and Publications／Awareness Raising Research is being conducted on a number of specific topics These topics include the paper making techniques of ethnic minorities in China Training programmes will be designed and conducted based upon the findings of this research. During the five—year lifetime of the project，technical meetings will be organised to exchange ideas and findings. The publication of a set of Paper Conservation Guidelines will be a tangible outcome offhe project